Candida albicans
(You must use this paper and leave the center bolded headers
1
Running head: ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE IN ALL CAPS (Note: include the words Running head: on the first page only as shown.)
Insert the Title of Your Paper Here on the Upper Half of Title Page
Insert Your Name Here
Clovis Community College
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Insert the Title of Your Paper Here Again (centered, exactly as on title page, not bolded)
Begin the first paragraph of the body of your paper here (indented). Introduce your reader to your topic and why you are writing about it. The introduction does not need the heading Introduction to label it due to its location in the paper. When writing a research paper, you should strive to write in the third person. Avoid using words like I, or this researcher will. Relative to formatting, APA dictates that there are now two spaces after punctuation marks at the end of sentences. All text in your paper from beginning to end, including the References page, should be double-spaced. Set your margins to one inch all around.
Beginning on your title page, double click in the header to place an abbreviated title of your paper in all capital letters. This is called the Running head and should be flush left with the margin. Then using the page insert function, insert your page numbers starting page 1 on the title page, located at the upper right margin. Your page numbers will automatically fall in proper order.
Please note that it is expected that you will write from scholarly primary peer-reviewed research. You need to be paraphrasing this content and avoiding using direct quotations. The tutorial center can assist you with APA in-text citations and the difference between direct quotes and paraphrased statements.
This first paragraph will be the introduction to your topic. Please provide an overview of the subject areas you are going to cover.
Taxonomy
Questions to Address
What is the heritage of the organism? Work through the full Linean taxonomy and highlight what other organisms your selected organism could be related to and what key characteristics of your organism are that make it a member of a given family.
Quality of Research
For this section, you do not have to use recent articles. Scholarly websites (excluding Wikipedia), textbooks, and articles are ok. In
Genetic Nuance
Questions to Address
Does this organism have any unique genetic features? Are there any plasmids that this organism is known for? Does it have any novel genetic adaptations? How do these adaptations, plasmids, or other unique genetic characteristics function at a molecular level?
Quality of Research
It is expected that you will use recent (within the last five years) primary peer-reviewed journal articles. However, you may be writing on a disease that is neglected or no longer of interest. Check with your instructor to see if your disease meets these criteria.
Microbial Physiology
Questions to Address
Bacteria: Heterotroph? Autotroph? How does it eat and reproduce?
Protists: What is the organisms life cycle? What does it get from the host nutritionally?
Virus: What is the organisms life cycle? What is the tissue tropism for your selected virus?
Quality of Research
It is expected that you will use recent (within the last five years) primary peer-reviewed journal articles. However, you may be writing on a disease that is neglected or no longer of interest. Check with your instructor to see if your disease meets these criteria.
Reservoir/Environment
Questions to Address
What are the optimum environmental conditions for this organism? What are the limitations of where it can exist? What is the seroprevalence of the disease among the primary reservoir either animal or human?
Quality of Research
It is expected that you will use recent (within the last five years) primary peer-reviewed journal articles. However, you may be writing on a disease that is neglected or no longer of interest. Check with your instructor to see if your disease meets these criteria.
Pathogenicity
Questions to Address
What is the percentage of those who are exposed to the organism that will develop symptoms? What is the ID50, which is the infectious dose with at least 50% will develop symptoms. Is this a true pathogen, opportunistic pathogen, or commensal organism? Why?
Quality of Research
It is expected that you will use recent (within the last five years) primary peer-reviewed journal articles. However, you may be writing on a disease that is neglected or no longer of interest. Check with your instructor to see if your disease meets these criteria.
Infectivity
Questions to Address
How easily does this organism spread from human to human, animal to human, vector to human, vector to animal etc? We are looking for the reproductive value (http://www.healthline.com/health/r-nought-reproduction-number#Calculation3). Another word for the Ro is R naught or Reproductive Ratio. This only applies to organisms that are communicable human to human. If your organism is not communicable human to human, but is a zoonotic disease how quickly can it spread among the animal reservoir?
Quality of Research
It is expected that you will use recent (within the last five years) primary peer-reviewed journal articles. However, you may be writing on a disease that is neglected or no longer of interest. Check with your instructor to see if your disease meets these criteria.
Virulence
Questions to Address
What is the case fatality rate? How lethal is this organism? What are the virulence factors that this organism has? If it is a virus, what is the cytopathic effect on the cell that it infects? How does this organism cause symptomatic disease?
Quality of Research
It is expected that you will use recent (within the last five years) primary peer-reviewed journal articles. However, you may be writing on a disease that is neglected or no longer of interest. Check with your instructor to see if your disease meets these criteria.
Descriptive Epidemiology
What populations are disproportionately affected by this organism? Please describe in three sections: Person (age groups, race/ethnicities, occupations, religions etc.), Place (Environments (tropical, desert, forest etc), Urban vs. Rural, Cities, States, Counties), Time (Seasonal, Cyclic, or Secular Patterns)
This is looking for the statistics in those categories. Please note, this section should have graphs, maps and other statistics to support your points.
Quality of Research
It is expected that you will use recent (within the last five years) primary peer-reviewed journal articles. However, you may be writing on a disease that is neglected or no longer of interest. Check with your instructor to see if your disease meets these criteria. The CDCs MMWR and the CDCs EID are excellent resources for this item.
Analytic Epidemiology
Questions to Address
What are the risk factors for this disease? What behaviors or actions put you most at risk for getting this illness? Evaluate the outbreak studies of these diseases. Look for statistics called either the Odds Ratio or the Relative Risk Ratio. We will be lecturing on what these mean in class and how they should be incorporated in your paper.
Quality of Research
It is expected that you will use recent (within the last five years) primary peer-reviewed journal articles. However, you may be writing on a disease that is neglected or no longer of interest. Check with your instructor to see if your disease meets these criteria. The CDCs MMWR and the CDCs EID are excellent resources for this item.
Signs and Symptoms
List the signs and symptoms from most common to least common and most severe to least severe. What are the characteristics definitive signs that are indicative of this disease? What screening tests and/or confirmatory tests are used and what are the sensitivities and specificities?
Quality of Research
Scholarly websites can be used here.
Treatment & Management
Can the disease be cured, or treated? If so, what are the methods or medications to do so?
Quality of Research
Scholarly websites can be used here.
Control and Prevention
How does one control or prevent this disease? What options are at our disposal from human control to vector or organism control?
Quality of Research
It is expected that you will use recent (within the last five years) primary peer-reviewed journal articles. However, you may be writing on a disease that is neglected or no longer of interest. Check with your instructor to see if your disease meets these criteria. The CDCs MMWR and the CDCs EID are excellent resources for this item.
Conclusion
Conclude your paper by briefly summarizing what you have already said throughout your paper. This is where it would be appropriate to cite your opinions or to talk about what you learned about the topic you have researched and written about. The References page should be on a page by itself. What that means, is regardless of where your Conclusion ends, always start your References page on a new page, and type the word References, centered, not bolded, on the very first line. Do not use the words Resources, Reference (singular), Works Cited, etc. Use References.
Also, please remember, your paper should end with answering the question so what and who cares.
References
American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Cohen, L., Chvez, V., & Chehimi, S. (2007). Prevention is primary: Strategies for community well-being. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Schneiderman, N., Speers, M. A., Silva, J. M., Tomes, H., & Gentry, J. H. (Eds.). (2001). Integrating behavioral and social sciences with public health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
NOTE: Your reference page is always last and begins on a new separate page like this. The title is just as you see it above. The following applies:
All references are double spaced like the rest of your paper with the first line flush left with the margin and all lines after the first line (of each individual reference) is indented as above. This is also referred to as a hanging indent.
There are specific components for each of the various types of references used, (books, journals, magazines, websites, etc.) depending on the type of reference you are listing. Check the APA Publication Manual to make sure you include all the appropriate components for your references.
All references must be alphabetized A to Z, regardless of type of reference. See your APA Publication Manual for examples.
If you cite a reference in the body of the text of your paper, the reference must be listed on this page and vice versa. If you have a reference listed here, make sure you have cited it in your paper somewhere.
